Tumor-derived exosomal ADAM17 promotes pre-metastatic niche formation by enhancing vascular permeability in colorectal cancer

Background Hematological metastasis has been recognized as a crucial factor contributing to the high rates of metastasis and mortality observed in colorectal cancer (CRC). Notably, exosomes derived from cancer cells participate in the formation of CRC pre-metastatic niches; however, the mechanisms underlying their effects are largely unknown. While our preliminary research revealed the role of exosome-derived disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) in the early stages of CRC metastasis, the role of exosomal ADAM17 in CRC hematogenous metastasis remains unclear. Methods In the present study, we isolated and purified exosomes using ultracentrifugation and identified exosomal proteins through quantitative mass spectrometry. In vitro, co-culture assays were conducted to evaluate the impact of exosomal ADAM17 on the permeability of the blood vessel endothelium. Vascular endothelial cell resistance, the cell index, membrane protein separation, flow cytometry, and immunofluorescence were employed to investigate the mechanisms underlying exosomal ADAM17-induced vascular permeability. Additionally, a mouse model was established to elucidate the role of exosomal ADAM17 in the modulation of blood vessel permeability and pre-metastatic niche formation in vivo. Results Our clinical data indicated that ADAM17 derived from the circulating exosomes of patients with CRC could serve as a blood-based biomarker for predicting metastasis. The CRC-derived exosomal ADAM17 targeted vascular endothelial cells, thus enhancing vascular permeability by influencing vascular endothelial cadherin cell membrane localization. Moreover, exosomal ADAM17 mediated the formation of a pre-metastatic niche in nude mice by inducing vascular leakage, thereby promoting CRC metastasis. Nonetheless, ADAM17 selective inhibitors effectively reduced CRC metastasis in vivo. Conclusions Our results suggest that exosomal ADAM17 plays a pivotal role in the hematogenous metastasis of CRC. Thus, this protein may serve as a valuable blood-based biomarker and potential drug target for CRC metastasis intervention.