Estimation of the electromagnetic field in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We estimate the spacetime profile of the electromagnetic field in head-on
heavy-ion collisions at intermediate collision energies √(s_ NN) =
𝒪(3 - 10 GeV). Using a hadronic cascade model (JAM; Jet AA
Microscopic transport model), we numerically demonstrate that the produced
field has strength eE = 𝒪((30 - 60 MeV)^2), which is
supercritical to the Schwinger limit of QED and is non-negligibly large
compared even to the hadron/QCD scale, and survives for a long time τ =
𝒪(10 fm/c) due to the baryon stopping. We show that the
produced field is nonperturbatively strong in the sense that the
nonperturbativity parameters (e.g., the Keldysh parameter) are sufficiently
large, which is in contrast to high-energy collisions √(s_ NN)≳ 100 GeV, where the field is merely perturbative. Our results
imply that the electromagnetic field may have phenomenological impacts on
hadronic/QCD processes in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions and that
heavy-ion collisions can be used as a new tool to explore strong-field physics
in the nonperturbative regime.
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