Microscopic Origin of Criticality at Macroscale in QCD Chiral Phase Transition
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We reveal that the criticality of the chiral phase transition in QCD at the
macroscale arises from the microscopic energy levels of its fundamental
constituents, the quarks. We establish a novel relation between cumulants of
the chiral order parameter (i.e., chiral condensate) and correlations among the
energy levels of quarks (i.e., eigenspectra of the massless Dirac operator),
which naturally leads to a generalization of the Banks-Casher relation. Based
on this novel relation and through (2+1)-flavor lattice QCD calculations using
the HISQ action with varying light quark masses in the vicinity of the chiral
phase transition, we demonstrate that the correlations among the infrared part
of the Dirac eigenspectra exhibit same universal scaling behaviors as expected
of the cumulants of the chiral condensate. We find that these universal scaling
behaviors extend up to the physical values of the up and down quark masses.
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