Hexadecapole deformation of ^238U from relativistic heavy-ion collisions using a nonlinear response coefficient
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
The hexadecapole deformation (β_4) of the ^238U nucleus has not
been determined because its effect is overwhelmed by those from the nucleus'
large quadrupole deformation (β_2) in nuclear electric transition
measurements. In this Letter, we identify the nonlinear response of the
hexadecapole anisotropy to ellipticity in relativistic ^238U+ ^238U
collisions that is solely sensitive to β_4 and insensitive to β_2.
We demonstrate this by state-of-the-art hydrodynamic calculations and discuss
the prospects of discovering the β_4 of ^238U in heavy-ion data at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
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