Factors associated with transitions in tobacco product use states among young adults aged 18-29 years

Background and ObjectivesThis study examined young adults' tobacco use transitions based on their past 30-day use states, and identified factors associated with their transitions.MethodsParticipants (N = 12377) were young adults aged 18-29 years at Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. Self-reported tobacco use states were categorized by the number of past-month use days (0, 1-4, 5-8, 9-12, 13-30 days) for cigarettes, electronic cigarettes [e-cigarettes], traditional cigars, filtered cigars, cigarillos, smokeless tobacco (SLT), and hookah. Multistate Markov models examined transitions between use states across Waves 1-5 of unweighted PATH data and multinomial logistic regressions examined predictors of transitions.ResultsMost young adults remained nonusers across adjacent waves for all products (88%-99%). Collapsed across waves, transitioning from use at any level to nonuse (average 46%-67%) was more common than transitioning from nonuse to use at any level (average 4%-10%). Several factors that predicted riskier patterns of use (i.e., transitioning to use and/or remaining a user across adjacent waves) were similar across most products: male, Black, Hispanic, lower education levels, and lower harm perceptions. In contrast, other factors predicted riskier patterns for only select products (e.g., e-cigarette and SLT use among Whites).Discussion and ConclusionsFew sampled young adults escalated their tobacco use over time, and escalations for many products were predicted by similar factors.Scientific SignificancePrevention and regulatory efforts targeted towards adolescents should continue, but also be expanded into young adulthood. These same efforts should consider both shared and unique factors that influence use transitions.