The Relation between Plasma Nesfatin-1 Levels and Aggressive Behavior in Pit Bull Dogs

Simple Summary Aggression stands out as one of the most prevalent behavior problems in dogs, with a particular predisposition noted in Pit Bull breeds. To advance our understanding and develop new treatment strategies for aggression, it is crucial to explore the neurobiological foundations of this behavior. In our study, Pit Bull dogs were categorized based on aggression levels through the administration of aggression tests. Plasma nesfatin-1, serotonin, dopamine, and oxytocin levels were determined in blood samples collected after a 24 h fasting period and 2 h after refeeding. The results, a pioneering contribution to the literature, indicate a novel association between decreased plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, and oxytocin and increased dopamine levels with aggression in Pit Bull dogs. During fasting conditions, lower plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, and dopamine were observed, while plasma oxytocin levels were higher. Our findings underscore the significant roles of nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine in the aggression of Pit Bull dogs, revealing potential interactions among these neuropeptides at the central nervous system level.Abstract Aggression is a prevalent and concerning behavioral issue in dogs. Pit Bull dogs, known for their high levels of aggression, are recognized as a focus of concern in society. In our study, we aimed to investigate the behavioral characteristics of Pit Bull dogs and explore the potential roles of peptides involved in the neurobiology of aggression. Initially, female, and male dogs underwent aggression tests, and their aggression levels were categorized. Plasma nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine levels were quantified using ELISA, with blood samples collected after a 24 h fasting period and 2 h post-refeeding. Our findings indicate that aggression in Pit Bull dogs correlates with decreased plasma nesfatin-1, serotonin, and oxytocin levels, while dopamine levels increase. The study's findings indicate that fasted dogs exhibited lower plasma levels of nesfatin-1, serotonin, and dopamine, while plasma oxytocin levels were higher. Furthermore, while the research findings do not suggest a significant relationship between the severity of aggression and the gender of the dog, male Pit Bull breeds appear to have higher plasma nesfatin-1 and serotonin levels compared to their female counterparts. The study's findings demonstrate that nesfatin-1, serotonin, oxytocin, and dopamine play pivotal roles in Pit Bull dogs' aggression, indicating potential interactions among these neuropeptides at the central nervous system level.