Visual Versus Digital Color Determination of 3D-Printed Teeth as an Exercise in Dental Students' Education

Visual color determination is part of the daily routine in dental practice. However, it is not a part of dental education so far. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether visual or digital tooth color determination of 3D-printed teeth is a reliable tool for inexperienced dentistry students. Preclinical dental students evaluated eleven 3D-printed, tooth-shaped samples (VarseoSmile Crown plus, BEGO, Bremen, Germany) of different color shades. Visual shade determination using a reference scale (3D-Master Toothguide (3DM_TG), VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Sackingen, Germany), followed by a digital color determination using a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V, (ES_V), VITA Zahnfabrik), was performed. Color deviation was calculated in the Lab* color space (Delta E00) and converted into CIELAB 2000. The results were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test (alpha = 0.05). Significant differences between visual and digital color determination were proven (p < 0.001). Visual color determination (3DM_TG) showed a mean deviation (Delta E00 +/- 95%CI) of 6.49 +/- 0.47. Digital color determination (ES_V) showed significantly lower mean deviations of Delta E00 of 1.44 +/- 0.58. Digital tooth color measurement using a spectrophotometer was a more reliable tool for the color determination of 3D-printed teeth for inexperienced dentistry students.