Exosomes in Glioma: Unraveling Their Roles in Progression, Diagnosis, and Therapy

Simple Summary Glioma is the most prevalent form of primary malignant brain tumor and is often associated with a grim prognosis. Exosomes, minute extracellular vesicles, are secreted by various cells and hold a significant role in tumor growth and invasion. Examining the contents they carry allows for a deeper understanding of tumor characteristics and progression. Moreover, exosomes possess the capability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, functioning as effective delivery vehicles. By encapsulating chemotherapy drugs and other molecules, we can achieve an enhanced therapeutic outcome. This article primarily delves into the impact of exosomes on glioma development, as well as the latest strides in diagnosis and treatment. This underscores the advantages and potential avenues for future research in the realm of exosomes for glioma diagnosis and treatment.Abstract Gliomas, the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors, present a challenging prognosis even after undergoing surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. Exosomes, nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various cells, play a pivotal role in glioma progression and contribute to resistance against chemotherapy and radiotherapy by facilitating the transportation of biological molecules and promoting intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. Moreover, exosomes exhibit the remarkable ability to traverse the blood-brain barrier, positioning them as potent carriers for therapeutic delivery. These attributes hold promise for enhancing glioma diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in exosome research within the realm of tumors. In this article, we primarily focus on elucidating the role of exosomes in glioma development, highlighting the latest breakthroughs in therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, and outlining prospective directions for future research.