Association of congestive heart failure with mortality in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study

Objective Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a risk factor for congestive heart failure (CHF). Evidence is lacking regarding the relationship between CHF and mortality among American adults with RA. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CHF and mortality in patients with RA. Methods We extracted the corresponding data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database and calculated the hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIs between CHF and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer by using a Cox proportional risk model. Results A total of 2045 participants with a mean age of 60.32 ± 13.96 years were included; 57.60% were female. During a median follow-up period of 109 months, there were 602 deaths. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with participants who are non-CHF, those with CHF had 60% (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.27–2.01) and 110% (1.45, 1.45 to 3.06) higher all-cause mortality and CVD mortality, respectively. Furthermore, a significant association between CHF and all-cause mortality can also be observed in female individuals and those aged 65 and above. There was no significant association between CHF and cancer mortality. Conclusions In this cohort study of US adults with RA, CHF was significantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause or CVD-related death. This finding underscores the importance of CHF in the management of patients with RA and may provide future information on maintaining the health status of patients with RA. Key messages • The study findings demonstrate a significant increase in overall mortality and cardiovascular mortality among individuals with RA who develop CHF . • This knowledge can assist healthcare professionals in identifying high-risk patients who could benefit from targeted monitoring and early intervention to prevent or manage CHF .