Prevalence and associated factors of excessive daytime sleepiness in rural older adults: a population-based study

To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) among rural-dwelling Chinese older adults. We collected data on demographic, epidemiological, and clinical factors via in-person interviews and clinical examinations following a structured questionnaire. The 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) was used to assess depressive symptoms, the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) to assess obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) risk; and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to assess sleep characteristics. EDS was defined as the total ESS score > 10. This population-based study engaged 4845 participants (age ≥ 65 years, 57.3