Horizontally Polarized Kink Oscillations Supported by Solar Coronal Loops in an Asymmetric Environment

Kink oscillations are ubiquitously observed in solar coronal loops, their understanding being crucial in the contexts of coronal seismology and atmospheric heating. We study kink modes supported by a straight coronal loop embeded in an asymmetric environment using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. We implement the asymmetric effect by setting different exterior densities below and above the loop interior, and initiate the simulation using a kink-like velocity perturbation perpendicular to the loop plane, mimicking the frequently measured horizontally polarized kink modes. We find that the external velocity fields show fan blade structures propagating in the azimuthal direction as a result of the successive excitation of higher azimuthal Fourier modes. Resonant absorption and phase mixing can still occur despite an asymmetric environment, leading to the development of small scales at loop boundaries. These small scales nonetheless develop asymmetrically at the upper and lower boundaries due to the different gradients of the Alfven speed. These findings enrich our understanding of kink modes in coronal loops embedded within an asymmetric environment, providing insights helpful for future high-resolution observations.