A bio-inspired approach for the synthesis of few-layer graphene using beetle defensive gland extract

Graphene exhibits remarkable properties and holds substantial promise for diverse applications. Its unique combination of thermal, chemical, physical, and biological properties makes it an appealing material for a wide range of uses. But, the lack of an economical and environmentally friendly approach to synthesize good-quality graphene represents an immense challenge for the scientific community. What makes this research unique is the utilization of the defensive gland extract from the beetle species Luprops tristis (Order: Coleoptera, Family: Tenebrionidae) to synthesize a few layers of graphene (FLG). This innovative incorporation of natural resources and exploration of biologically inspired methods provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to conventional graphene production techniques. The exfoliated graphene displayed antimicrobial effects against both Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria, with particularly potent bactericidal activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity assay demonstrated the anti-cancer properties of biosynthesized graphene against Daltons Lymphoma Acetic (DLA) cells. Exfoliation of graphite.