Diversity of European genetic resources of garlic ( Allium sativum L.) from Serbian collection

With aim to improve characterization and eventually, utilisation of garlic collection from the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Serbia, the genetic diversity of 52 accessions was estimated based on microsatellite markers, agronomic, biochemical and phenotypic traits (UPOV descriptor). The Shannon index H′ with a value of 0.47–0.95 indicated a high level of diversity for the greatest number of examined traits according to the UPOV descriptor. Based on agronomic and biochemical traits, groups of genotypes with the highest potential for yield and bioactive properties improvement were singled out. Molecular evaluation indicated the presence of duplicates in the collection and necessity of further research with additional number of DNA markers. The obtained results are important from the aspects of breeding and development of new varieties with improved yield and functional value as well as more economical conservation of genetic resources. Since diversity of plant genetic resources constantly decreases, the obtained results have long-term significance because preserved and genetically variable collections represent a valuable source of desirable genes for future human needs.