Clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia patients with Runt-related transcription factor 1 mutation: A single-center retrospective analysis

This study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Runt-related transcription factor 1 (RUNX1) mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients by comparing the features of AML patients with or without RUNX1 mutation. We retrospectively analyzed 180 AML patients including 36 AML patients with mutant RUNX1(AML-RUNX1(mut)) and 144 AML patients with wild-type RUNX1(AML-RUNX1(wt)) were selected using the case-pair method(1:4). Compared to AML-RUNX1(wt), AML-RUNX1(mut) showed higher frequency of ASXL1 (p < 0.001), SRSF2 (p < 0.001), BCORL1 (p < 0.001), RAS (p = 0.010) mutations, and absent NPM1 mutations (p = 0.022). The 3-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) of AML-RUNX1(mut) and AML-RUNX1(wt) were 73.1% versus 68.0% (p = 0.64) and 80.7% versus 71.6% (p = 0.37), respectively. AML-RUNX1(mut) receiving allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) showed better survival than those who did not receive allo-HSCT (3-year OS, 84.3% vs. 52.7%; p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis showed that EZH2 mutation (p = 0.003), white blood cell (WBC) >= 30 x 10(9)/L (p = 0.036) and age >= 60 years (p = 0.038) were significant independent risk factors for inferior OS of AML-RUNX1(mut); WBC >= 30 x 10(9)/L (p = 0.013) and DNMT3A mutation (p = 0.045) were significant independent risk factors for shorter DFS of AML-RUNX1(mut). In conclusion, AML-RUNX1(mut) showed unique clinical characteristics, but the survival between AML-RUNX1(mut) and AML-RUNX1(wt) were comparable. EZH2 co-mutation, DNMT3A co-mutation, old age and high WBC count were associated with inferior survival of AML-RUNX1(mut). Allo-HSCT can significantly improve the prognosis of AML-RUNX1(mut).