Processing of organic electrochemical transistors

Since the advent of Organic Electrochemical Transistors (OECTs) back in the 80s, research focus has shifted from understanding the working mechanism and expanding the materials library to finding new applications and building larger integrated circuits. Given the strong dependency of these devices’ performance on their geometrical dimensions and considering the increasing need for larger scale and low cost fabrication, research on novel processing methods is paramount. Here, we review the most common processing techniques used for OECT fabrication, starting from classic methods such as spin coating and electropolymerization to more recent and complex ones like orthogonal lithography and 3D printing. We also provide a brief outlook on how these techniques are enabling integrated circuits and large scale circuitry in general. Graphical abstract