Investigation analysis of the acute asthma risk factor and phenotype based on relational analysis with outdoor air pollutants in Xi’an, China

Asthma is a common chronic heterogeneous disease. Outdoor air pollutants are an important cause of acute asthma. Until now, the association between the risk of acute asthma and outdoor air pollutants is unclear. And the relationship between the different phenotypes of asthma and outdoor air pollutants has not been reported. Thus, an analysis of the association between outdoor air pollutants and daily acute asthma inpatient and outpatient visits in Xi’an, China, from January 1 to December 31, 2018, was conducted. A total of 3395 people were included in the study. The statistical analysis and relational analysis based on the logistic regression were used for illustrating the relatedness of the acute asthma risk factor and phenotype with outdoor air pollutants, while the age, gender, pollen peak and non-pollen peak periods, high type 2 (T2) asthma and non-high T2 asthma were also stratified. Results showed that particulate matter with particle size below 10 μm and 2.5 μm (PM 10 and PM 2.5 ), sulfur dioxide(SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide(NO 2 ), and carbon monoxide(CO) increase the risk of acute asthma and that air pollutants have a lagged effect on asthma patients. PM 10 , NO 2 , CO, and Ozone (O 3 ) are associated with an increased risk of acute attacks of high T2 asthma. PM 10 , PM 2.5 , SO 2 , NO 2 and CO are associated with an increased risk of acute asthma in males of 0–16 years old. PM 10 and PM 2.5 are more harmful to asthma patients with abnormal lung function.