Propagation Characteristics of LF Radio Waves in the eArth-Ionosphere Waveguide

The very low frequency (VLF) and low frequency (LF) radio waves are widely used in timing synchronization, navigation, communications and other fields. It is of great significance to study its propagation characteristics. This paper uses the parallel finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method in the spherical coordinate system to study the propagation characteristics of LF radio waves in the earth-ionosphere waveguide, focusing on the case where the propagation paths are land-seawater mixed paths.