High-frequency and intrinsic dielectric properties of -CaSiO₃ and its application: the microstrip patch antenna

Designing and fabricating antennas that exhibit low losses and are compact, lightweight, and highly radiation efficient are challenging in the wireless-communication field. In this study, we simulated and fabricated microstrip patch antennas using beta-CaSiO3 low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) as dielectric resonator substrate. Compact ceramics that show good microwave dielectric properties (a relative dielectric constant [epsilon(r)] of 6.57, high-quality factor [Q x f] of 35 086 GHz [@14.85 GHz], and temperature coefficient of frequency [tau(f)] of -33.56 ppm degrees C-1 for the optimal composition) were obtained when Li2O-CaO-B2O3-CuO glass was added to beta-CaSiO3 and sintered at 950 degrees C. The high-frequency properties of these composite ceramics reveal that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss are stable in the 38-58 and 70-90 GHz ranges, respectively. Furthermore, a circularly polarized antenna fabricated using a CaSiO3-based ceramic shows a high radiation efficiency (92.04%) and gain (3.35 dBi) at a center frequency of 2.5 GHz. These beta-CaSiO3 composite ceramics offer promising prospects for high-frequency use as well as in mobile communication applications. This study provides insight for the development of innovative antennas with new LTCC materials.