The "Tears of Rage" of Collective Emotion after the Attacks of November 13, 2015: The Quote in Direct Speech in Press Titles

Far from the concepts of neutrality and objectivity that media erect and maintain into principles, emotions can be at the very heart of press articles when they are disseminated both from the subject and from the treatment that is made of it. This question of the salience of emotions facing the news was particularly strong during the attacks that hit Paris in 2015. We propose here to analyse this phe-nomenon at work in the titles of articles published on November 14, i.e. the day after these events, when the information was crystallising into amazement, horror, and dread. We will show how the use of direct speech - by reporting the testimony of victims, caregivers, witnesses or ordinary citi-zens - allows journalists to build a collective emotional mosaic. This emotional and emphatic jour-nalism appears as a necessary step to apprehend pain before the following steps of mourning and understanding of the events that had just unfolded.