Recommendations for the development of a carnivore viewing site at a colony of Cape fur seals (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) in southern Namibia

This study examined the daily and monthly activity patterns of brown hyenas (Hyaena brunnea) and black-backed jackals (Canis mesomelas) at a Cape fur seal colony in southern Namibia, to provide recommendations for developing a sustainable wildlife viewing site. Observations conducted between November 2020 and October 2022 showed that the carnivores were most active between May and October, with jackals showing peak activity around sunrise and sunset, and brown hyenas mostly visiting around midday. The animals were more active during cloudy and cool weather. With the diurnal activity of carnivores and their predation behaviour on Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) pups, the area has high ecotourism potential. Brown hyenas, however, are sensitive to human disturbance, such as moving vehicles and unknown sounds and smells. Therefore, limiting the number of visitors and creating a fixed viewpoint is recommended to minimise disturbance. This study provides valuable input on how ecotourism activities could be developed at a seal colony without compromising the sensitive wildlife there.