Characteristic and risk factors of ventilator associated-pneumonia in ICU of tertiary referral hospital, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is the second leading cause of death in Intensive Care Unit (ICU).The objective of study is to analyze the characteristics and risk factors of VAP patients in ICU. Methods: The retrospective study used medical record in ICU of RSUD Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat. Results: Total number of samples were 46 patients. The prevalence of VAP was 27.4% with a mortality rate of 90.4%. VAP patients were predominantly elderly (>45 years) (76.1%), male (54.3%), and with extrapulmonary disease (87%). Most patients had >192 hours of mechanical ventilation (MV). The pathogens caused VAP were mostly Acinetobacter baumannii (50%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28.12%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.25%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (6.25%), and Candida albicans (3.12%). Amikacin and Meropenem has relatively low resistance to Gram-negative bacteria, while Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole, Vancomycin, Linezolid, Rifampicin, and Tetracycline has relatively low resistance to Grampositive bacteria. Conclusion: It concluded that MV duration, primary diagnosis, pathogens, COPD influenced the severity of VAP.