Toward Next-Generation Smart Windows: An In-depth Analysis of Dual-Band Electrochromic Materials and Devices

As the proportion of buildings energy consumption increases, the issue of low energy utilization efficiency becomes increasingly prominent. Approximately 45% of the energy is lost through doors and windows, a significant concern that has drawn society's attention to the potential of electrochromic technology, which can regulate light transmittance and absorption effectively. Specifically, dual-band electrochromic materials offer a promising solution to this issue, as they can manipulate the transmission ratios of visible (VIS) and near-infrared (NIR) light to obtain "bright," "cold," "warm," and "dark" independent modes. However, research on dual-band electrochromic materials and smart windows is still infant, and many challenges including performance and assembly issues, are significant obstacles to the advancement and application of this technology. This review clarifies the basic characteristics of dual-band electrochromic materials and smart windows, including configurations, operational mechanisms, and performance assessment parameters. In-depth examination of potential dual-band electrochromic materials and methods for achieving independent modulation is provided, along with an analysis of the challenges and potential solutions for performance and assembly issues. Finally, the future prospects of dual-band electrochromic smart windows (ESWs) are underscored. The hope is to eventually facilitate the commercial application of these windows, which can significantly contribute to the creation of modern, energy-efficient buildings. An overview of dual-band electrochromic materials for smart windows, including the features, candidate materials, and the basis for constructing smart windows. In addition, the strategies for achieving dual-band independent modulation and optimizing electrochromic performance, and the challenges faced by smart windows, as well as future prospects are summarized in detail.image