Amorphous Sb/C composite with isotropic expansion property as an ultra-stable and high-rate anode for lithium-ion batteries
RARE METALS（2024）
摘要
Antimony (Sb) is an intriguing anode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its high theoretical capacity of 660 mAhg(-1) and appropriate working potential of +/- 0.8 V (vs. Li+/Li). However, just like all alloying materials, the Sb anode suffers from huge volume expansion (230%) during repeated insertion/extraction of Li+ ions, resulting in structural deterioration and rapid capacity decay. In this work, a novel amorphous Sb/C composite with atomically dispersed Sb particles in carbon matrix is prepared via a straightforward high-energy ball milling approach. The intimate intermixing of amorphous Sb with C provides homogeneous element distribution and isotropic volume expansion during cycling, resulting in persistent structural stability. Meanwhile, the disordered structure of amorphous material shortens the diffusion distance of lithium ions/electrons, promoting fast reaction kinetics and rate capability. Benefiting from the aforementioned effects, the amorphous Sb/C exhibits a high reversible capacity of 537.4 mAhg(-1) at 0.1 Ag(-1) and retains 201.0 mAhg(-1) at an ultrahigh current rate of 10.0 Ag(-1). Even after 1500 deep cycles at 2.0 Ag(-1), the amorphous Sb/C electrode still maintains 86.3% of its initial capacity, which outperforms all existing Sb-based anodes reported so far. Post-mortem analysis further reveals a greatly reduced volume variation of merely 34.6% for the amorphous Sb/C electrode, much lower than that of 223.1% for crystalline Sb materials. This study presents a new approach to stabilizing Sb-based alloy anodes and contributes to the construction of high-performance amorphous anode materials for LIBs, enabling advanced energy storage.
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关键词
Amorphous Sb/C anode,Homogeneous element distribution,Isotropic volume expansion,Ultra-long cycle stability,High-rate capability,Lithium-ion battery
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