Steady Flow Over a Finite Patch of Submerged Flexible Vegetation

An immersed boundary-finite element with soft-body dynamics has been implemented to study steady flow over a finite patch of submerged flexible aquatic vegetation. The flow structure interaction model can resolve the flow interactions with flexible vegetation, and hence the reconfiguration of vegetation blades to ambient flow. Flow dynamics strongly depend on two dimensionless parameters, namely vegetation density and Cauchy number (defined as the ratio of the fluid drag force to the elastic force). Five different flow patterns have been identified based on vegetation density and Cauchy number, including the limited reach, swaying, "monami" A, "monami" B with slow moving interfacial wave, and prone. The "monami" B pattern occurred at high vegetation density and is different from "monami" A, in which the passage of Kelvin-Helmholtz billows strongly affects the vegetation interface. With soft-body dynamics, blade-to-blade interactions can also be resolved. At high vegetation density, the hydrodynamic interactions play an important role in blade-to-blade interactions, where adjacent vegetation blades interact via the interstitial fluid pressure. At low vegetation density, direct contacts among vegetation blades play important roles in preventing unphysical penetration of vegetation blades. A flow-structure interaction model has been developed with direct blade-to-blade interactions The hydrodynamic interactions among vegetation blades play an important role Five distinct flow regimes have been identified based on Cauchy number and vegetation density