Strategic use of ultra-high-performance concrete and carbon fiber reinforced polymer reinforcement for end zone design of prestressed girders

The design of end zones to prevent severe cracking is a key requirement toward durable prestressed girders. Traditional approaches employ large amounts of steel reinforcement to attain this requirement, which may result in steel congestion. This paper investigates a hybrid girder concept that uses Ultra-High-Performance Concrete (UHPC) and Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) bars to enhance crack control and long-term durability in the end zones of prestressed girders. The objectives of this study are to quantify the UHPC zone lengths needed to restrain end zone cracks, eliminate or reduce the required amount of steel reinforcement, and investigate its replacement with CFRP bars. A finite element modeling (FEM) approach was developed for this purpose and its fidelity was validated with experimental data. The FEM results showed that UHPC zones with lengths below or equal to half of the girder depth can significantly reduce end zone cracking. CFRP bars can be added in the UHPC zones as a conservative measure to crack control, to ensure the long-term corrosion resistance of the girders.