Exploration of PVP-Combustion Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of O3-type Na_xNi_0.33Fe_0.33Mn_0.33O₂ Layered Material for Sodium-Ion Batteries

The performance of sodium-ion batteries critically depends on the cathode materials used, making it essential to explore and optimize suitable candidates. Among them, O3-structured NaNi(0.33)Fe(0.33)Mn(0.33)O(2 )has emerged as one of the most promising cathode materials due to its outstanding electrochemical properties. However, there still exists a knowledge gap regarding the detailed synthesis conditions and the comprehensive performance of the full cell using this material. In this study, we investigated the influence of synthesis temperature, time, and sodium content on the electrochemical performance and charge-discharge kinetics of O3-structured NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2, prepared via the PVP-gel combustion method. Through systematic analysis, we elucidated the impact of these synthesis parameters on the material's properties and battery performance. The results revealed that the optimized conditions led to a cathode material with superior electrochemical performance, exhibiting enhanced capacity with 139 mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C and 96 mAh g(-1) at 10 C. Additionally, a full cell using the optimized cathode material was studied, showing promising performance. This research sheds light on the significance of synthesis parameters in tailoring the electrochemical properties of O3-structured NaNi0.33Fe0.33Mn0.33O2 for sodium-ion batteries. The insights gained from this study hold valuable implications for the further development of practical sodium-ion battery cathode materials.