Polymer ionogels and their application in flexible ionic devices

Polymer ionogel (PIG) is a new type of flexible, stretchable, and ion-conductive material, which generally consists of two components (polymer matrix materials and ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents). More and more attention has been received owing to its excellent properties, such as nonvolatility, good ionic conductivity, excellent thermal stability, high electrochemical stability, and transparency. In this review, the latest research and developments of PIGs are comprehensively reviewed according to different polymer matrices. Particularly, the development of novel structural designs, preparation methods, basic properties, and their advantages are respectively summarized. Furthermore, the typical applications of PIGs in flexible ionic skin, flexible electrochromic devices, flexible actuators, and flexible power supplies are reviewed. The novel working mechanism, device structure design strategies, and the unique functions of the PIG-based flexible ionic devices are briefly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the current challenges and future directions of PIGs and their application are discussed. Polymer ionogels (PIGs) are recognized as emerging, flexible, stretchable, and ion-conductive materials comprising polymer matrices and ionic liquids/deep eutectic solvents. Herein, PIGs are thoroughly reviewed based on various polymer matrices. The focus includes novel designs, preparation methods, fundamental properties, and advantages. The review also examines PIG applications in ionic skin, electrochromic devices, actuators, and power supplies, outlining working mechanisms and device structures.image