A Literature-Based Comprehensive Model for Factors Affecting Firm Productivity in the Service Sector.

This study aimed to perform an extensive literature review to identify both direct and indirect factors that impact firm productivity within the service sector. Subsequently, it aimed to represent the empirically validated relationships among these identified factors in a comprehensive graphical model. The resulting model consists of five levels and encompasses 16 interrelated factors, which were derived from the findings of 22 empirical studies. At the bottom level of the model lie three factors: flexibility, organizational culture, and organizational structure. Initiatives aimed at improving productivity should prioritize these factors. Furthermore, it is essential to give special attention to two additional factors, namely learning and development, and leadership style, as they should be prioritized due to their high betweenness centrality values. The insights from this study can be valuable for decision-makers in service firms seeking ways to enhance the effectiveness of their productivity enhancement programs, potentially leading to improved competitiveness and contributing to national economic prosperity and sustainable growth.