Free Space Optical Frequency Comparison Over Rapidly Moving Links
arxiv(2024)
Abstract
The comparison of optical reference frequency signals over free-space optical
links is limited by the relative motion between local and remote sites. Extreme
Doppler shifts experienced in rapidly moving optical links, such as for
ground-to-space, prevent the narrow-band detection required to compare or
transfer optical frequencies at the highest levels of stability. We demonstrate
a system capable of optical frequency comparison in the presence of extreme
Doppler shifts, using an electro-optic phase modulator with an actuation
bandwidth of 10 GHz, sufficient to enable ground-to-space frequency comparison.
This system was demonstrated over a retro-reflected drone link, with a maximum
line-of-sight velocity of 15 m/s and Doppler shift of 20 MHz. The best
fractional frequency stability obtained was 2E-17 at an integration time of 2
s. These results suggest that optical frequency comparison between rapidly
moving targets, as in ground-to-space applications, is possible with further
system development.
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