Astrophysical and relativistic modeling of the recoiling black-hole candidate in quasar 3C 186
Astronomy & Astrophysics(2024)
摘要
The compact object in quasar 3C 186 is one of the most promising recoiling
black-hole candidates, exhibiting both an astrometric displacement between the
quasar and the host galaxy as well as a spectroscopic shift between broad and
narrow lines. 3C 186 also presents a radio jet which, when projected onto the
plane of the sky, appears to be perpendicular to the quasar/galaxy
displacement. Assuming a gravitational-wave kick is indeed responsible for the
properties of 3C 186 and using state-of-the-art relativistic modeling, we show
that current observations allow for exquisite modeling of the recoiling black
hole. Most notably, we find that the kick velocity, the black-hole spin, and
the line of sight are almost collinear and the former appear perpendicular to
each other only because of a strong projection effect. The targeted
configuration requires substantial fine-tuning: while there exists a region in
the black-hole binary parameter space that is compatible with 3C 186, the
observed system appears to be a rare occurrence. Using archival radio
observations, we explore different strategies that could potentially confirm or
rule out our interpretation. In particular, we develop two observational tests
that rely on the brightness ratio between the approaching and receding jet as
well as the asymmetry of the jet lobes. While the available radio data provide
loose constraints, deeper observations have the unique potential of unveiling
the nature of 3C 186.
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