Investigating Uncertainty in Behavioral Modeling for C-ITS Services.

To assess the performance and safety implications of C-ITS services, simulation plays a crucial role. However, obtaining reliable simulation data is challenging, especially during the initial stages of C-ITS service development where empirical data is limited. This limitation hampers the ability to accurately represent and analyze human behavior in simulation models. The primary challenge arises from the unpredictable nature of human behavior, which can trigger unexpected situations that may not align optimally with the intended behavior of ITS systems. These instances can create unfavorable conditions and compromise safety. To address this challenge, our study focuses on exploring the uncertainty that emerges from the dynamic interaction between road users and ITS systems. We examine how uncertainties in human behavior and the corresponding responses of ITS systems impact safety within the C-ITS environment. In our research, we employ a real-life case study conducted at the Eindhoven test site to model and simulate uncertainties among pedestrians, cyclists, and taxi drivers in relation to the Warning System for Pedestrian (WSP) C-ITS service. We gain valuable insights into the potential outcomes and safety implications, that have been shared with both the Eindhoven municipality and the C-MobILE project.