Analysis of related factors influencing postoperative recurrence of adenomyosis treated with HIFU

Objective To analyze the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for adenomyosis and postoperative recurrence and its influencing factors. Methods Clinical and follow-up data of 308 patients with adenomyosis who were treated with HIFU in Haifu Center, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from September 2017 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The recurrence of adenomyosis and the efficacy of HIFU at 6 months after surgery were followed up. To explore factors influencing postoperative prognosis and recurrence, the following variables were analyzed: patients’ age, course of disease, gravidity and parity, size of the uterus, duration of HIFU, duration of irradiation, treatment intensity, dysmenorrhea score, time of follow-up, combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), western medicine adjuvant treatment, lesion location and type, and menorrhagia. Results Among the 308 patients, 238 (77%) were followed up from 6 to 36 months, with an average follow-up time of 15.24 ± 9.97 months. The other 70 (23%) were lost to follow-up. At 6-month after surgery, efficacy rates of dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia management were 86.7% and 89.3%, respectively. Postoperative recurrence rates were 4.8% (1–12 months), 9.0% (12–24 months), and 17.0% (24–36 months) for dysmenorrhea; and 6.3% (1–12 months), 2.4% (12–24 months), and 12.2% (24–36 months) for menorrhagia. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that parity ( P = 0.043, OR = 1.773, 95% CI 1.018–3.087), uterine size ( P = 0.019, OR = 1.004, 95% CI 1.001–1.007), combined treatment of TCM ( P = 0.047, OR = 1.846, 95% CI 1.008–3.381), diffuse lesion type ( P = 0.013, OR = 0.464, 95% CI 0.254–0.848) and ablation rate ( P = 0.015, OR = 0.481, 95% CI 0.267–0.868) were prognostic factors ( P < 0.05). Age, course of disease, gravidity, duration of HIFU, duration of irradiation, treatment intensity, preoperative dysmenorrhea score, time of follow-up, western medicine adjuvant therapy, lesion location, and preoperative menstrual volume had no effect on prognosis ( P > 0.05). Conclusion HIFU can effectively relieve dysmenorrhea and reduce menstrual volume in patients with adenomyosis. Parity, uterine size, lesion type (diffuse), and ablation rate are risk factors for symptom recurrence after HIFU, while the combination of TCM therapy is a protective factor for relapse. We, therefore, recommend TCM in the adjuvant setting after HIFU according to patient condition.