Integrated transcriptomics uncovers an enhanced association between the prion protein gene expression and vesicle dynamics signatures in glioblastomas

Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor that exhibits resistance to current treatment, making the identification of novel therapeutic targets essential. In this context, cellular prion protein (PrP C ) stands out as a potential candidate for new therapies. Encoded by the PRNP gene, PrP C can present increased expression levels in GBM, impacting cell proliferation, growth, migration, invasion and stemness. Nevertheless, the exact molecular mechanisms through which PRNP /PrP C modulates key aspects of GBM biology remain elusive. Methods To elucidate the implications of PRNP /PrP C in the biology of this cancer, we analyzed publicly available RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of patient-derived GBMs from four independent studies. First, we ranked samples profiled by bulk RNA-seq as PRNP high and PRNP low and compared their transcriptomic landscape. Then, we analyzed PRNP + and PRNP - GBM cells profiled by single-cell RNA-seq to further understand the molecular context within which PRNP /PrP C might function in this tumor. We explored an additional proteomics dataset, applying similar comparative approaches, to corroborate our findings. Results Functional profiling revealed that vesicular dynamics signatures are strongly correlated with PRNP /PrP C levels in GBM. We found a panel of 73 genes, enriched in vesicle-related pathways, whose expression levels are increased in PRNP high / PRNP + cells across all RNA-seq datasets. Vesicle-associated genes, ANXA1 , RAB31 , DSTN and SYPL1, were found to be upregulated in vitro in an in-house collection of patient-derived GBM. Moreover, proteome analysis of patient-derived samples reinforces the findings of enhanced vesicle biogenesis, processing and trafficking in PRNP high / PRNP + GBM cells. Conclusions Together, our findings shed light on a novel role for PrP C as a potential modulator of vesicle biology in GBM, which is pivotal for intercellular communication and cancer maintenance. We also introduce GBMdiscovery, a novel user-friendly tool that allows the investigation of specific genes in GBM biology.