A heparin-functionalized bioink with sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor for 3D bioprinting of prevascularized dermal constructs
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES(2024)
Abstract
Skin tissue engineering faces challenges due to the absence of vascular architecture, impeding the development of permanent skin replacements. To address this, a heparin-functionalized 3D -printed bioink (GH/HepMA) was formulated to enable sustained delivery of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), comprising 0.3 % (w/v) hyaluronic acid (HA), 10 % (w/v) gelatin methacrylate (GelMA), and 0.5 % (w/v) heparin methacrylate (HepMA). The bioink was then used to print dermal constructs with angiogenic functions, including fibroblast networks and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) networks. GH/HepMA, with its covalently crosslinked structure, exhibits enhanced mechanical properties and heparin stability, allowing for a 21 -day sustained delivery of VEGF. Cytocompatibility experiments showed that the GH/HepMA bioink supported fibroblast proliferation and promoted collagen I production. With VEGF present, the GH/HepMA bioink promoted HUVEC proliferation, migration, as well as the formation of a richer capillary -like network. Furthermore, HA within the GH/HepMA bioink enhanced rheological properties and printability. Additionally, 3D-bioprinted dermal constructs showed significant deposition of collagen I and III and mature stable capillary -like structures along the axial direction. In summary, this study offers a promising approach for constructing biomimetic multicellular skin substitutes with angiogenesis-induced functions.
MoreTranslated text
Key words
3D-printed,Methacrylated heparin,Angiogenesis
AI Read Science
Must-Reading Tree
Example
![](https://originalfileserver.aminer.cn/sys/aminer/pubs/mrt_preview.jpeg)
Generate MRT to find the research sequence of this paper
Chat Paper
Summary is being generated by the instructions you defined