Intrastromal corneal ring segments for keratoconus patients: up to 12 years follow up

Purpose Intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation is a surgical technique developed with the purpose of avoiding the progression of corneal protrusion and is considered a viable option for managing patients with keratoconus as it stabilizes or improves vision thus delaying or excluding the need of more advanced surgical intervention such as penetrating keratoplasty. However, long term follow up is still limited to determine its actual success in achieving this goal. The current project aims to provide an extended follow up reporting a mean followup of around 5 years, extending up to 12.5 years. Methods We recruited patients who performed their ICRS between 2008 and 2013. We contacted patients for a follow up exam with a possible corneal tomography. For each patient, we obtained baseline pre operative data and latest follow up data which included visual acuity, subjective refraction, clinical slit-lamp exam, and corneal tomography. We compared the change in best corrected visual acuity and maximum keratometry readings from clinical visits before ring implantation to the latest follow up. Results A total of 68 eyes for 53 patients were included. The mean duration of follow up was 53.87 (± 38.8) months, with a maximum duration of 153 months. We found a significant improvement in corrected and uncorrected visual acuity, keratometries and refraction during the follow up period. On correlation analysis, strong negative significant correlation was found between duration since surgery and change in uncorrected visual acuity ( p = 0.03, ρ = 0.338) and mean keratometry values ( p = 0.033, ρ = 0.296). At the latest follow up for majority of patients with more than 100 weeks of follow up (12 eyes), uncorrected visual acuity were equal to or worse than baseline. Conclusion This study represents the largest follow up for ICRS implanted in keratoconus patients. Improvement of visual acuity following ICRS implantation can be expected in the first few years, after which, a decline occurring thereafter.