Impacts of Flight Operations on the Risk of Runway Excursions

The Quick Access Recorder (QAR), as an onboard device used for monitoring and recording flight parameters, has been extensively installed on various types of aircraft. Recently, there has been a significant focus on studying the typical flight safety event of runway excursions based on QAR data. However, there is limited research that combines the analysis of runway excursion risks with flight operations, and there is also a scarcity of studies that divide the investigation of the landing phase into multiple key stages. In this paper, we propose a comparative analysis of operational characteristics and risks associated with runway excursions from the perspective of operational styles. A total of 2087 flights were classified on the basis of touchdown distance, taxiing distance, and magnetic heading changes and were divided into three styles based on these indicators. Subsequently, we analyze flight operations and attitudes at five key stages: runway threshold, flare, speed brake deployment, touchdown, and reverse thrust activation. Furthermore, we employ the selection criteria of pilot proficiency levels to filter out standard operational curves. The curve similarity is used to compare the difference between the actual operating curves and the standard curves. Finally, we employ typical correlation analysis to explore the relationship between touchdown distance and operational variances. The findings indicate that Style 1 pilots exhibit the lowest probability of runway excursions, yet their maneuvers potentially elevate the risk of hard landing events.