Pressurized Back-Junction Doping via Spray-Coating Silver Nanowires Top Electrodes for Efficient Charge Collection in Bifacial Colloidal PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells

Colloidal PbS quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs) have long suffered from inefficient charge collection near the back-junction due to the lack of p-doping strategy, rendering their bifacial photovoltaic applications unsuccessful. Here, we report highly efficient photocarrier collection in bifacial colloidal PbS QDSCs by exploiting spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrodes. During our spray-coating process, pressurized Ag diffusion occurred toward the active layer, which induced effective p-doping and deep-level passivation. By manipulating the spray pressure, optimum AgNWs' stacking morphology enabling an appropriate level of Ag diffusion could be achieved, leading to J(sc) over 30 mA/cm(2) from the conventional n-i-p structure upon light illumination to the film side. The morphological and electrical behaviors of AgNWs according to the spray pressure are comprehensively explained in relation to the device performance. Finally, 50 bifacial cells were fabricated over 49 cm(2) sized glass substrate, demonstrating the large-area processability and functionality of the spray-coated AgNWs with the effective back-junction engineering.