Carthago Delenda Est: Co-opetitive Indirect Information Diffusion Model for Influence Operations on Online Social Media
CoRR(2024)
摘要
For a state or non-state actor whose credibility is bankrupt, relying on bots
to conduct non-attributable, non-accountable, and
seemingly-grassroots-but-decentralized-in-actuality influence/information
operations (info ops) on social media can help circumvent the issue of trust
deficit while advancing its interests. Planning and/or defending against
decentralized info ops can be aided by computational simulations in lieu of
ethically-fraught live experiments on social media. In this study, we introduce
Diluvsion, an agent-based model for contested information propagation efforts
on Twitter-like social media. The model emphasizes a user's belief in an
opinion (stance) being impacted by the perception of potentially illusory
popular support from constant incoming floods of indirect information, floods
that can be cooperatively engineered in an uncoordinated manner by bots as they
compete to spread their stances. Our model, which has been validated against
real-world data, is an advancement over previous models because we account for
engagement metrics in influencing stance adoption, non-social tie spreading of
information, neutrality as a stance that can be spread, and themes that are
analogous to media's framing effect and are symbiotic with respect to stance
propagation. The strengths of the Diluvsion model are demonstrated in
simulations of orthodox info ops, e.g., maximizing adoption of one stance;
creating echo chambers; inducing polarization; and unorthodox info ops, e.g.,
simultaneous support of multiple stances as a Trojan horse tactic for the
dissemination of a theme.
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