Largest bipartite sub-matchings of a random ordered matching or a problem with socks

arxiv(2024)

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摘要
Let M be an ordered matching of size n, that is, a partition of the set [2n] into 2-element subsets. The sock number of M is the maximum size of a sub-matching of M in which all left-ends of the edges precede all the right-ends (such matchings are also called bipartite). The name of this parameter comes from an amusing "real-life" problem posed by Bosek, concerning an on-line pairing of randomly picked socks from a drying machine. Answering one of Bosek's questions we prove that the sock number of a random matching of size n is asymptotically equal to n/2. Moreover, we prove that the expected average number of socks waiting for their match during the whole process is equal to 2n+1/6. Analogous results are obtained if socks come not in pairs, but in sets of size r≥ 2, which corresponds to a similar problem for random ordered r-matchings. We also attempt to enumerate matchings with a given sock number.
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