Controlling flow patterns and topology in active emulsions
arxiv(2024)
摘要
Active emulsions and liquid crystalline shells are intriguing and
experimentally realisable types of topological matter. Here we numerically
study the morphology and spatiotemporal dynamics of a double emulsion, where
one or two passive small droplets are embedded in a larger active droplet. We
find activity introduces a variety of rich and nontrivial nonequilibrium states
in the system. First, a double emulsion with a single active droplet becomes
self-motile, and there is a transition between translational and rotational
motion: both of these regimes remain defect-free, hence topologically trivial.
Second, a pair of particles nucleate one or more disclination loops, with
conformational dynamics resembling a rotor or chaotic oscillator, accessed by
tuning activity. In the first state a single, topologically charged,
disclination loop powers the rotation. In the latter state, this disclination
stretches and writhes in 3D, continuously undergoing recombination to yield an
example of an active living polymer. These emulsions can be self-assembled in
the lab, and provide a pathway to form flow and topology patterns in active
matter in a controllable way, as opposed to bulk systems that typically yield
active turbulence.
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