Application of AI in biological age prediction

The development of anti-aging interventions requires quantitative measurement of biological age. Machine learning models, known as "aging clocks," are built by leveraging diverse aging biomarkers that vary across lifespan to predict biological age. In addition to traditional aging clocks harnessing epigenetic signatures derived from bulk samples, emerging technologies allow the biological age estimating at single-cell level to dissect cellular diversity in aging tissues. Moreover, imaging-based aging clocks are increasingly employed with the advantage of non-invasive measurement, making it suitable for large-scale human cohort studies. To fully capture the features in the ever-growing multi-modal and high-dimensional aging-related data and uncover disease associations, deeplearning based approaches, which are effective to learn complex and non-linear relationships without relying on pre-defined features, are increasingly applied. The use of big data and AIbased aging clocks has achieved high accuracy, interpretability and generalizability, guiding clinical applications to delay agerelated diseases and extend healthy lifespans.