Integrated waveguide coupled ultralow-loss multimode waveguides based on silicon nitride resonators

On -chip micro -ring resonators (MRRs) with low loss and large free spectral ranges (FSRs) are important for photonic devices. So far, ultra -low -loss silicon -nitride (Si3N4) waveguides are primarily fabricated in laboratories, as they often demand special processes to reduce transmission losses. While, Si3N4 waveguides fabricated by the standard multi -project wafer (MPW)-based processes often suffer from significant sidewall scattering, resulting in high scattering losses. Here, we present an innovative approach to photonics by introducing a compact and multi -mode structure. This approach significantly reduces the contact between the optical field and the rough sidewalls in the high -confinement Si3N4 waveguide. By incorporating modified Euler bends, and a weakly tapered gap directional coupler, adiabatic transmission with simultaneous ultra -low loss and compact size is achieved even in 7-mu m wide waveguide. Results show that the intrinsic quality factor Qi of MRR is (6.8 +/- 0.4) x 106 at the wavelength of 1550 nm, which is approximately four times higher than the previously reported by the same fabrication process. An ultra -low loss of 0.051 +/- 0.003 dB/cm is achieved based on the standard LIGENTEC-AN800 technology. This accomplishment addresses a critical challenge in high -confinement waveguides. Our work provides new insights into the low propagation loss in Si3N4 waveguides and provides a broader prospect for integrated photonics in the ultra -high -Q regime.