Co-occurrence of T-2 and HT-2 Mycotoxins and and Anomers of Their Glucosides in Wheat and Oat Grains

The aim of this study was to simultaneously determine T-2 and HT-2 toxins and the alpha and beta anomers of their glucosides to assess their content in wheat and oat grains harvested in Poland (2020-2022). Of 298 wheat samples, only 14 (5%) contained the sum of the T-2 and HT-2 toxins (average 34.2 mu g/kg; 10.6-67.7 mu g/kg). In oat (n = 129), these compounds were detected much more frequently (70% of samples) at an average level of 107.5 mu g/kg (6.9-949.1 mu g/kg). The sum of T-2 and HT-2 glucosides was detectable in 3% of the wheat (average 16.3 mu g/kg; 7.1-39.4 mu g/kg) and 65% of the oat samples (average 35.1 mu g/kg; 4.0-624.1 mu g/kg). Following the study, T-2-3-alpha-glucoside was identified as the only naturally occurring anomer, while both anomers of HT-2-3-glucosides were detected with higher contents and occurrence rates of HT-2-3-beta-glucoside than the alpha anomer of this compound.