Structural and Functional Analysis of Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) Using Computational and Biochemical Approaches

Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) belonging to the genus Orthotospovirus is transmitted by its vector Thrips palmi . It is a tri-segmented RNA virus that consists of L, M, and S RNA segments. We analysed the secondary structure features of GBNV proteins through various software and predicted the transmembrane helix, glycosylation, and signal peptidase sites within the GBNV protein sequences (G N , G C , N, NSm, and NSs). In glycoprotein sequence, extended strands are predominant (52.87%) whereas the N protein sequence mostly contains alpha helices (47.46%). The random coils are present in movement protein (43.97%) and structural protein (39.41%). We generated the 3D structure of G N and N protein using SWISS MODEL software and quality is validated through PROCHECK and PDBsum software. We also expressed the GBNV proteins (G N , G C , N, NSm, and NSs) in bacterial expression system. The recombinant proteins were used to raise polyclonal antibodies in mice. Our study will be useful in understanding GBNV protein structures in further detail by analysing the important domains that interact with the thrips proteins. This will further aid us in understanding virus–vector relationship through the application of protein–protein interaction and other immunodiagnostic techniques.