IL-39 and IL-35 gingival crevicular fluid levels in diabetic patients with generalized periodontitis

Objectives This research was performed to investigate if there is a role for IL-39 in immunopathogenesis of both systemically healthy and diabetic periodontitis patients. Additionally, to explore if we can consider IL-39 and IL-35 as biomarkers for periodontitis activity. Materials and methods A total of 38 periodontitis patients and 19 control volunteers were included in our study. The periodontitis patients were divided equally into (Group I), 19 patients with stage III grade C periodontitis with diabetes mellitus and (Group II), 19 patients with stage III grade B periodontitis and systemically healthy. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of each interleukin were measured pre- and postoperatively for all periodontitis patients as well as control subjects using ELISA. Results Our study results showed that the highest level for IL-39 was in diabetic periodontitis patients that decreased significantly postoperatively. However, the highest level for IL-35 was revealed in control group while the lowest value was registered in diabetic periodontitis patients and statistically increased after periodontal treatment. Conclusions Based on the results of our research, both investigated biomarkers may have a potent role in pathogenesis of periodontitis. Clinical relevance We could consider both interleukins as accurate diagnostic markers for periodontitis patients, regardless of diabetes mellitus association, as well as promising markers that can aid in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis patients worldwide.