Anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation and flow decorrelation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: the roles of sub-nucleon structure and shear viscosity
arxiv(2024)
摘要
We study the transverse momentum (p_T) differential anisotropic flow and
flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at √(s_NN)=5.02 TeV at the LHC. A
(3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or
AMPT) initial conditions is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of
the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. The effects of shear viscosity and the
sub-nucleon structure on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation are analyzed.
Our result shows that shear viscosity tends to suppress both flow coefficients
(v_2{2}, v_2{4}, ⟨ v_2⟩) and flow fluctuation
(σ_v_2) due to its smearing effect on local density fluctuation. The
flow coefficients appear to be insensitive to the sub-nucleon structure,
whereas for flow fluctuation σ_v_2, it tends to be suppressed by the
sub-nucleon structure in central collisions but enhanced in peripheral
collisions. After taking into account the sub-nucleon structure effect, our
numerical result can quantitatively describe the relative flow fluctuations
(v_2{4}/v_2{2}, F(v_2)) measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the
LHC. We further investigate the effects of shear viscosity, sub-nucleon
structure and initial condition model on the flow angle and flow magnitude
decorrelations (A_2^f, M_2^f) using the four-particle correlation
method. We find that the flow decorrelation effect is typically stronger in
central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The flow angle decorrelation
is found to be insensitive to the shear viscosity and sub-nucleon structure,
whereas the flow magnitude decorrelation shows quite different behavior when
using TRENTO or AMPT initial condition model. Our study sheds light on the
anisotropic flow, transport properties and initial structure of the QGP created
in high-energy nuclear collisions.
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