New era of cancer immunology driven by big data.

Cancer immunology has witnessed remarkable development over the past century. In the early 20th century, William Coley embarked on pioneering efforts to activate the immune sys-tem against cancer using heat-killed Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens [1]. These attempts yielded varying clinical outcomes, some of which were notably successful, providing early evidence of the immune system's potential in combating cancer. Moving into the mid-20th century, Dr. Lewis Thomas and Dr. Macfarlane Burnet introduced the concept "immune surveillance" [2].