Investigation of the Frequency of Inversions and Complex Translocations in T-Lymphocytes in Exposed Residents of the Southern Urals

Chromosome aberrations are an example of the mutation process that happens at the chromosome level of DNA packaging. The occurrence of inversions and complex translocations has not been studied well enough due to the complexity of their detection using the conventional methods of differential staining. It is well-known that ionizing radiation is one of the factors that increases the frequency of chromosomal rearrangements. The objective of this pilot research was to study the frequency of inversions involving telomere regions of the chromosomes and complex translocations in T-cells of 25 chronically exposed residents of the Southern Urals. Inversions were studied in the group of 12 exposed individuals (one man, 11 women, exposure doses ranging from 0.001 to 2.9 Gy) using the Q-FISH method. Complex translocations were analyzed in the group of 13 people (nine women, four men, exposure dose ranging from 0.5 to 3.1 Gy) with the help of M-FISH method. The groups did not overlap. As a result of this analysis, it has been revealed that complex translocations occur six times less frequently than simple ones ( р < 0.001). Chromatid variants of inversions predominated as compared to chromosomal ones (9 : 0.17 per 100 cells, p < 0.001). No dependence of the studied parameters on the exposure dose to red bone marrow was noted.