FDG-Avid Periprosthetic Particle Disease Mimicking Osteosarcoma Recurrence

A 24-year-old man with a history of osteosarcoma presented with swelling in his right thigh for more than 1 year. 18F-FDG PET/CT demonstrated increased FDG uptake in multiple juxtacortical masses around the prosthesis, which highly suggested the possibility of osteosarcoma recurrence. A biopsy was performed, and the pathology confirmed the diagnosis of particle disease. The current case indicates that particle disease should be considered when interpreting the PET/CT images with high FDG uptake around the prosthesis.