Recent advances in the bovine β-casein gene mutants on functional characteristics and nutritional health of dairy products: Status, challenges, and prospects

•Structure and properties of β-casein mutants in dairy products were summarized.•Impact of A1/A2 β-casein on gastrointestinal health in vivo studies was analyzed.•The detection method of β-casomorhin7 and A1/A2 β-casein was summarized.•Limitations and future directions in this promising field were presented.